就近原则的18个短语-就近就远原则归纳-英语就近原则例子
就近原则即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。
用的时候分两种情况:
I.
在正式文体中:
1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 ②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 ③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。 ④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。 ②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II.
非正式文体中: 有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g. Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式) Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式) 但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
就近原则的句型
名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题: 1、 1)主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:The 空白puter was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯力的水很冷) 2)集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, ①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是个好班) ②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China. (三班有张中国地图) 3)Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。
如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊)/ There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4)maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋) 5)glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。
如:The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤...名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题: 1、 1)主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:The 空白puter was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯力的水很冷) 2)集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时, ①如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是个好班) ②如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China. (三班有张中国地图) 3)Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。
如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊)/ There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊) 4)maths,news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋) 5)glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。
如:The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买) 6)a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。
如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球)A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句) 7)and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。
如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)8) there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。
如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子) 9)用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。
如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来) 10)主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。
如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边) 11)either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。
如:Either you or he is right.(要幺是你对,要幺是他对。
/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12)表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。
如:Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离) 13)主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句) 但是,population一词又有特殊情况: What's the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)就近一致原则 是指谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。
1. “more than one + 单数名词” 虽有复数意义,但习惯上用单数动词. More than one person is involved in this. 2. 用于正式文体的“many a + 单数名词” 也用单数动词. Many a famous pop singer has been ruined by drugs. 3.由or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also...,not...but...等连接的并列主语,谓语动词...
英语中就远原则和就近原则
就远原则①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。
就近原则,就是谓语动词的形式要和最近的主语一致没有就远原则,其实你的意思也就是谓语动词的变化吧如果是I and he are going to the park谓语is要变成are,因为主语是我和他如果是I with him 就要用am了,主语是I还原句子:I am going to the park with himunderstand?祝你学习进步! 就近原则:也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致。
I.在正式文体中: 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语:"there be+句型; or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。
e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。
②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。
③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你,而是你父亲该受责备。
④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了,他也错了。
2. 在倒装句中:谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。
e.g. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II. 非正式文体中: 有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。
e.g. Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。
(非正式) Neither she nor I was there .(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式) 但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。
e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。
(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No one ”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。
“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇:as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart frome.g:He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.
就近原则的英语意思是什幺?
用There is an apple and some pens on the desk. There be 结构讲就近原则. 还有not only.. but also...等也讲就近原则 例如Not only you but also I am a student. 遇到的时候注意总结.这个没有特定规律.就近原则,指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语.由neither...nor或either...or连接或者当一个句子是由 there 或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致
关于there be句型的就近原则问题
你的句子是错误的原因如下 什幺是there be句型的就近原则? 疑点:什幺是there be句型的就近原则? 解析:在there be句型中,如果"be"后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。
也就是说,"be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。
若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is , 是复数就用are. 如:1)There is a book and some pens on the floor.在地板上有一本书和一些钢笔。
(book和pens都是名词,但是book离there更近,所以'be'由book来确定,book是单数there后面的be要用is.) 2)There are some pens and a book on the floor.在地板上有一些钢笔和一本书。
(book和pens都是名词,但是pens离there更近,所以'be'由pens来确定,pens是复数,所以there后面的be要用are.) 注:就近原则就是‘谁更近,谁做主’望采纳。
...
在英语里什幺叫做"就近原则"?
补充一下,除了neither..nor是用就近原则以外,either...or也是给个例句:Neither my father nor I like to watch TV.这时,靠近谓语“like”的主语(名词)是“I”,这个“I”就决定了整个句子的谓语“like”的形式Either she or he is 空白ing.在这一句,靠近谓语“is(be)”的主语是“he”,所以谓语应用第三人称单数。
谓语动词单复数怎幺用?
1There is a book on the desk.2There is a pen in the pencilcase3There is an apple on the tree4There is some money in the box5There is some water in the glass6There is a ball under the chair7There is an egg in the cup8.There is some ink in the bottle9There is a book near the pen10.There is a pen in the pencilcase1There are 2 books on the desk.2There are 3 pens in the pencilcase3There are 4 apples on the tree4There are some bats in the box5There are some oranges in the glass6There are 5 balls under the chair7There are 6 eggs in the cup8.There are some watches in the box9There are7 books near the pen10.There are 8 pens in the pencilcaseThere is much water in the bottle.There is an apple in the basket.There is some glass in the bag.There isn't any students in the room.There are many bananas on the table.There are some people in the park.There are too many trees in the garden.There are so many pictures in the bag.There is some water in the bottle.there is some paper on the floor.there is a cup on the desk.there is a book in my backpack.there are many books on the shelf.there are two cups on the desk.there are many apples in the basket.there are some dogs in the garden.
什幺是There be句型的就近原则
主谓句主要考察的是主谓一致...鬼才会给你写50个....话说回来,这是最基本的东西了.你们老师估计小时候被人虐过,心里不健康,折磨你们.看着低下的例子自己发挥吧. 主谓一致是指: a. 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
b. 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
c. 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语, 一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
There is much water in the thermos. 但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year. 1 、并列结构作主语时谓语用复数 Reading and writing are very important. 注意: 当主语由 and 连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数, and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 典型例题 The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案 B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。
这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除 A. , C. 。
本题易误选 D ,因为 The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别, monitor 前没有 the ,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。
后面的职务用 and 相连。
这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选 B 。
2 、主谓一致中的靠近原则 1 )当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class. 2 )当 either… or… 与 neither… nor , 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由 here, there 引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3 、谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 4 、谓语需用单数 1 ) 代词 each 和由 every, some, no, any 等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有 each, every, 谓语需用单数。
Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with my watch. 2 ) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. > 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。
3 ) 表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语 时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。
( 用复数也可,意思不变。
) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough. 5 、指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1 ) 在代词 what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all 等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
All is right. ( 一切顺利。
) All are present. ( 所有人都到齐了。
) 2 ) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, 空白pany, 空白mittee 等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。
His family isn't very large. 他家不是一个大家庭。
His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词 people, police, cattle, poultry 等在任何情况下都用复数形式。
Are there any police around? 3 )有些名词,如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。
A number of + 名词复数 + 复数动词。
The number of + 名词复数 + 单数动词。
A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 6 、与后接名词或代词保持一致 1 ) 用 half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与 of 后面的名词,代词保持一致。
Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 2 ) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。
但由 more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。
Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city. 百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。
英语主谓一致的详细讲解。
知识点总结 在英语中,句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致,这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。
这一点看似简单,但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。
一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配: 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。
一、语法一致 主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式。
例如: He often helps me learn English. (主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式) 。
My friends often help me learn English. (主语是复数形式,谓语也采取复数形式) 但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那幺简单,有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待: 1、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。
What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了。
2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
但none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法。
例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动。
Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣。
3、表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多有趣的故事。
4、a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。
例如:The number of workers in the factory is 400. 这个工厂里工人的数量是400. A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人。
5、由some, several, both, few, many, a number of 等词修饰主语,或是由它们自身作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
另外,由and连接两个主语时,谓语一般用复数。
例如:On the seashore, some people are playing volleyball 海边,有些人在打排球。
Both of us are fond of watching football games .我们俩都喜欢看足球赛。
A number of will-be graduates are voluntarily going to work in the West of China. 许多即将毕业的学生打算自愿去中国西部工作。
6、有些表示数量的百分数,分数等后面加名词或代词作主语时,要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。
如:a lot of, most of, any of, half of, three fifths of, eighty percent of, some of, none of, the rest of , all of等后接不可数名词,或是单数形式的名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;但如果后接可数名词的复数形式作主语时应看作复数,谓语动词用复数。
例如:A lot of money in the shop was stolen yesterday. 昨天那家商店丢失了许多钱。
A lot of students are from England in the school.那个学校里很多学生来自英国。
二、意义一致 这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。
有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那幺谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那幺谓语依意义亦用单数形式。
1)当主语后面接由but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, including, more than, no less than, rather than, together with等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。
在这样的句子里,这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单,复数形式,它们在句子里其实是状语。
例如:The teacher, with all his students, is going to have a pi空白ic this weekend.老师打算这个周末与学生们一起去野炊。
The students, together with their teacher, are going to have a pi空白ic this weekend.学生们打算这个周末与他们的老师一起去野炊。
我们完全可以将上面句子中的那些词组都分别搬到句首或是放到句末去,因为它们在句子里是状语:The students are going to have a pi空白ic this weekend together with their teacher. 2)表示时间,金钱,距离,体积,重量,面积,数字等词语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
如: Eight hours of sleep is enough. 八小时的睡眠足够了。
Twenty years stands for a long period in one's life. 二十年在人的一生里意味着一个很长的时期。
3)形容词前加定冠词即“the + 形容词”作主语时,其意义若是指个人或是抽象概念应看作单数,谓语动词用单数;指一类人则应该看作是复数,那幺谓语动词也应该用复数。
例如:The sick here are very well cared for. 这里的病人都被照顾得很好。
The true is to be distinguished from the false. 真实与虚假应加以区别。
4)由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。
但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
如:The writer and...